ABSTRACT
Background/Objectives: Emerging evidence suggests that complement system infection-dependent hyperactivation may worsen COVID-19 outcome. We investigated the role of predicted high impact variants -referred as Qualifying Variants (QVs) -of complement system genes in predisposing asymptomatic COVID-19 in elderly individuals, known to be more susceptible to severe disease. Method(s): Exploiting Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES) data and 56 complement system genes, we performed a gene-based collapsing test between 164 asymptomatic subjects (age >= 60 y.o.) and 56,885 European individuals from the gnomAD database. We replicated this test comparing the same asymptomatic individuals with 147 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Result(s): We found an enrichment of QVs in three genes (MASP1, COLEC10 and COLEC11), which belong to the lectin pathway, in the asymptomatic cohort. Moreover, individuals with QVs showed lower serum levels of Masp1 and of prothrombin activity compared to controls while no differences were observed for CH50 and AH50 levels that measure the activity of classical and alternative complement pathways, respectively. Finally, integrative analyses of genome-wide association study and expression quantitative loci traits data showed a correlation between polymorphisms associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 and decreased expression of MASP1, COLEC11 and COLEC10 genes in lung tissue. Conclusion(s): This study suggests that rare genetic variants can protect from severe COVID-19 by mitigating the activation of lectin pathway and prothrombin activity.
ABSTRACT
The Extreme Energy Events Project (EEE) represents a breakthrough in outreach activities in Cosmic Ray Physics: high school students are protagonists of an experiment to measure Extensive Air Showers at ground. They start their experience at CERN with the construction of the three high performing Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers constituting the telescope that is then installed inside their school;then they take care of the telescope operation and data analysis. Presently 60 telescopes are installed in Italy and, since 2014, coordinated data taking have been performed during each school year providing a huge amount of candidate muon tracks. Every year hundreds of students and teachers are involved in the activities directly correlated to EEE. The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly affected the experimental activities of the EEE Project. However in the last two years the online activities were strengthened, with an intense programme of collaboration meetings, masterclasses, and hugely successful topical seminars. Starting from the fall of 2021, the improvement of epidemiological situation made it possible to start some of the EEE activities in presence. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
ABSTRACT
The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) network consists in a sparse array of telescopes based on Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers, installed in high school buildings all over the Italian territory and at CERN. Besides the many research activities concerned with extensive air shower detection, long distance correlation studies and additional physics results obtained during the last decade, the EEE project is extensively employed for educational and outreach activities, constituting a unique opportunity to promote a fruitful and close collaboration between students, high-school teachers and researchers. The involvement is at all levels, from the construction of the chambers during short stages at CERN over the past 15 years, with the participation of several hundred high-school students and teachers, to the installation, monitoring and data taking with the telescopes by high-school teams, to masterclasses, physics lectures, data analysis sessions and joint discussions on the results and their interpretation. Recent developments of the EEE network led to the installation and use of additional detectors in the Arctic region and on board of sailing ships, to measure the cosmic ray flux over large latitude intervals. Periodical remote and in presence (pre-Covid era) meetings allowed in these years a large participation (several thousand people) from the high-school community to the EEE activities. National and local outreach initiatives in cosmic ray physics are also carried out around Italy by the EEE network, as a contribution to the dissemination of science among young people. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
ABSTRACT
The Extreme-Energy Events (EEE) Experiment is a cosmic ray observatory based on a network of detecting stations distributed over the Italian territory and at CERN. A station of the network, called “telescope”, consists of three superimposed Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPCs), each one covering a surface of about 1.5 m2, used with the same technology as the time-of-flight detector of the ALICE experiment at CERN-LHC. Data are collected and sent in real time to the INFN-CNAF computer center for reconstruction and analysis. The large area covered by the network, ranging from Southern Italy up to the CERN laboratories, was achieved with the decision to install the detectors inside high schools, involving students and teachers in a modern experiment within a unique program. This very coexistence of scientific activity and outreach represents the uniqueness of the EEE Project. The outreach programme is articulated in several initiatives, each encoding the different aspects of the research activity normally expected in a high-energy physics experiment. Students are involved in detector construction at CERN, installation in school, and in the commissioning of the station when data taking starts. Once the detector reaches a steady working regime, students are requested to monitor on a daily basis the performance of the telescope and report any failure. In parallel to the hardware-related operations, students learn how to perform the analysis of EEE data under the supervision of their teachers and of the EEE researchers, supporting the scientific output of the experiment. Every month students report progress and issues in a dedicated online meeting open to all schools and to the EEE researchers. Beside this monthly appointment, in the pre-COVID era an in-person meeting was taking place twice per year, hosted by the Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture in Erice or by a school or institution involved in the project. During a three-day, students attend masterclasses and take part in measurement campaigns, disseminating their results by submitting contributions to important outreach-oriented journals (such as the Italian Giornale di Fisica). © Copyright owned by the author(s)
ABSTRACT
AIM: We describe treatments of acute appendicitis at "Bambino Gesu" Children's Hospital during the peak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in Italy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From March 1st to May 31st, all suspected appendicitis admitted to hospital entered this study. Following Institutional COVID19-protocol, between March 1st-21st, only patients with respiratory symptoms and/or history of recent travel to risk areas received nasopharyngeal swab. From March 22nd to May 31st, protocol was adapted to worsening epidemic conditions and a pre-triage area has been arranged to accommodate all patients undergoing the swab. RESULTS: 14 out of 53 patients were hospitalized between march 1st-21st, 39 from march 22nd to may 31st. swab was performed in 2 patient of first group and in all of second. DISCUSSION: During the study period, no covid19-contagion occurred in hospital staff by covid19-patients. CONCLUSION: Our covid19-protocol protected staff and patients allowing the maintenance of our standard of treatment. KEY WORDS: Appendicitis, Children, Covid19, Sars-cov-2.